| Popis: |
There have been differences in the definition and understanding of career issues for many years. Literature on careers also has been replete with metaphors (Inkson 2004, 2006, 2007), some of them mixed, ranging from the presumption that they enable a purposeful Protean self-fulfillment (e.g. Hall 2002) to reminders that Proteus changed shape to avoid being captured and punished (Arnold 2001, Arnold and Cohen 2008). In seeking to understand career development some analysts have stressed individual work experience over time (e.g. Arthur, Hall et al. 1989, Defillippi and Arthur 1994, Arthur, Khapova et al. 2005, Gunz and Heslin 2005), while others have been concerned with the survival of careers within organizations from a social exchange perspective (Guest and Rodrigues 2012). Moreover, Rodrigues, Guest and Budjanovcanin (2013) have argued that how people make sense of their careers can no longer be usefully captured by objective benchmarks of career success, such as a higher salary or promotion, and have offered the concept of career orientation rather than career anchors. |
