Methodology for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils Using Non-isotopic Techniques
| Autor: | Gerald Moser, Joachim Mohn, Lee Heng, Marcus A. Horn, Peter Dörsch, K. Lenhart, M. dos Reis Martins, A. Jansen-Willems, Alberto Sanz-Cobena, Mohammad Zaman, Mohammad M. R. Jahangir, Lars Molstad, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Segundo Urquiaga, Zucong Cai, S. Zaman, Magdalena E. G. Hofmann, Paul N. C. Murphy, Timothy J. Clough, Kristina Kleineidam, Christoph Müller, C.-M. Görres, G. Lucic, John P. Goopy, C. Eckhardt, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Reinhard Well, M. Šimek, C. Bracken, S. Henjes, A. Gupta, Khadim Dawar, S. Fiedler, J. Berendt, Weixin Ding, Lars R. Bakken, J. Zhang, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, T. Frosch, Lutz Merbold, Scott X. Chang |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
business.industry
Aquatic ecosystem Non isotopic 010401 analytical chemistry Environmental engineering 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Closed chamber 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Ammonia emission Agriculture Greenhouse gas Soil water 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Paddy soils Environmental science business |
| Zdroj: | Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques ISBN: 9783030553951 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_2 |
| Popis: | Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantages and disadvantages of different chamber techniques and the principal steps of operation are described. An important part of determining the quality of the flux measurements is the storage and the transportation of the gas samples from the field to the laboratory where the analyses are carried out. Traditionally, analyses of GHGs are carried out via gas chromatographs (GCs). In recent years, optical analysers are becoming increasingly available; these are user-friendly machines and they provide a cost-effective alternative to GCs. Another technique which is still under development, but provides a potentially superior method, is Raman spectroscopy. Not only the GHGs, but also N2, can potentially be analysed if the precision of these techniques is increased in future development. An important part of this chapter deals with the analyses of the gas concentrations, the calculation of fluxes, and the required safety measures. Since non-upland agricultural lands (i.e. flooded paddy soils) are steadily increasing, a section is devoted to the specificities of GHG measurements in these ecosystems. Specialised techniques are also required for GHG measurements in aquatic systems (i.e. rivers), which are often affected by the transfer of nutrients from agricultural fields and therefore are an important indirect source of emission of GHGs. A simple, robust, and more precise methodof ammonia (NH3) emission measurement is also described. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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