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The term cultural memory describes a group’s shared experience, skill, and knowledge that is retained and updated through time. Individual memory has its social roots in this system. Although resources are distributed across different minds in the network, they must all obey the standards of thought and behavior imposed by belonging to it. As such, no single person can carry the burden of the system alone and thus has only modest possibilities of changing it. Cultural memory has evolved in relation to embodied, narrative, and institutional modes of representation. Humans became skilled before they became articulate: The prime driver of early evolution of mind and memory was tool master rather than language. This embodied mode of cultural memory still persists (e.g., in ritual, craft, and the arts) but has been transformed with the emergence of narrative mode and later the theoretical or institutional mode, which is dominant today. |
