Future Orientation and Social Status
| Autor: | Carl L. Harter, William C. Swanson, Fredrick Koenig |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1980 |
| Předmět: |
Occupational prestige
media_common.quotation_subject Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Delayed gratification Social class Sensory Systems Developmental psychology Power (social and political) Dominance (ethology) Scale (social sciences) Upper class Psychology Social psychology Social status media_common |
| Zdroj: | Perceptual and Motor Skills. 51:927-930 |
| ISSN: | 1558-688X 0031-5125 |
| DOI: | 10.2466/pms.1980.51.3.927 |
| Popis: | Summary.-Interviews were conducted with 172 adults to determine their social class level based on occupational presrlge, income and education. They were also administered the circle test for future orlentation. It was hypothesized that future dominance would be found more frequently for people in the upper class levels. The hypotheses were borne out at an acceptable level of significance, as measured by the chi squared test, for occupational prestige, and income, but not for education. This report is based on a survey of the relationship between future orientation and three factors involved in social status-occupation, income, and education. Among the objective indicators of status, occupation, income and education often predominate and are considered interrelated. A fairly persistent hypothesis is that a relation exists between orientation and social status and that it' is one in which people in the lower end of the social status scale tend to be present-oriented and that they do not have longrange perceptions of time. Conversely, people approaching rhe upper end of the scale tend to be concerned about the future and to feel that past events affect the present and that both influence the future. This idea is supported by related concepts such as "short-run hedonism" and "delayed gratification." It makes sense to assume that people who lack power and control over their destinies and who lead rather bleak lives would not dwell on the future but would take each day as it comes. People who have more influences over their lives learn that it is advantageous to look to the future and to plan ahead. As reasonable as all this may seem, up until recently actual empirical findings have been scarce. Most research has been done on non-adults (Brim 81 Forer, 1956; Heckhausen, 1967; LeShan, 1952). All investigators state that, in one way or another, lower-class children are less-future-oriented than are upper-class children. Two studies have been done with adults on social class and future orientation (Koenig, 1980; Schmidt, Lamrn, & Tromrnsdorff, 1978). In both studies there is a positive relation between social class and future orientation. The purpose of the present study was to go a step farther in the analysis by examining three objective components of status, occupational prestige, income, and education to see how each relates to time perception. The following hypotheses were made: Hypothe~is I. Future time orientation will be more prevalent for persons from higher levels of occupational |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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