| Popis: |
Besides degenerating neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD), astrocytes and microglia also become activated and show pathologic changes. Interestingly, the dopaminergic system has a specific glial environment that makes neurons more vulnerable to inflammation and oxidative stress than in other brain regions. Glia have specific functions in the brain that determine their part in the pathophysiology of PD. Especially, α-synuclein pathology is related to glia functioning in the aging brain. Recent studies have shown alternative activation pathways for microglia and astrocytes, indicating that supportive astrocytes can become toxic for neurons, and activated microglia also can perform regenerative functions. In this chapter we also present animal models to study gliopathy in PD. Importantly, the substantial protective potential of astrocytes in new therapeutic approaches, and new perspectives, are discussed. |
