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Synopsis Periodontal structures depend on functional occlusal forces to activate the periodontal mechanoreceptors in the neuromuscular physiology of the masticatory system. Occlusal forces stimulate the receptors in the periodontal ligament to regulate jaw movements and the occlusal forces. Without antagonists the periodontal ligament shows some nonfunctional atrophy. Tooth mobility is the clinical expression of viscoelastic properties of the ligament and the functional response. Tooth mobility can change because of the general metabolic influences, a traumatic occlusion, and inflammation. Premature contacts between the arches can result in trauma to periodontal structures. A traumatic occlusion on a healthy periodontium leads to an increased mobility but not to attachment loss. In inflamed periodontal structures traumatic occlusion contributes to a further and faster spread of the inflammation apically and to more associated bone loss. Occlusal adjustment before periodontal therapy may result in more attachment gain. A traumatic occlusion, as in a deep bite, may cause stripping of the gingival margins. Gingival recession and noncarious cervical lesions have a multifactorial etiology, including prematurities and steep occlusal guidance. |
