Next generation molten NaI batteries for grid scale energy storage
| Autor: | David Ingersoll, Andrew C. Read, Sai Bhavaraju, Paul G. Clem, Leo J. Small, Thomas Meaders, Matthew Robins, Joshua Lamb, Alexis Eccleston, Erik David Spoerke |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Battery (electricity)
Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Chemistry Electric potential energy Nuclear engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Cathode Energy storage 0104 chemical sciences Renewable energy law.invention Anode law Forensic engineering Fast ion conductor Electrical and Electronic Engineering Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 0210 nano-technology business Separator (electricity) |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Power Sources. 360:569-574 |
| ISSN: | 0378-7753 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.038 |
| Popis: | Robust, safe, and reliable grid-scale energy storage continues to be a priority for improved energy surety, expanded integration of renewable energy, and greater system agility required to meet modern dynamic and evolving electrical energy demands. We describe here a new sodium-based battery based on a molten sodium anode, a sodium iodide/aluminum chloride (NaI/AlCl3) cathode, and a high conductivity NaSICON (Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12) ceramic separator. This NaI battery operates at intermediate temperatures (120–180 °C) and boasts an energy density of >150 Wh kg−1. The energy-dense NaI-AlCl3 ionic liquid catholyte avoids lifetime-limiting plating and intercalation reactions, and the use of earth-abundant elements minimizes materials costs and eliminates economic uncertainties associated with lithium metal. Moreover, the inherent safety of this system under internal mechanical failure is characterized by negligible heat or gas production and benign reaction products (Al, NaCl). Scalability in design is exemplified through evolution from 0.85 to 10 Ah (28 Wh) form factors, displaying lifetime average Coulombic efficiencies of 99.45% and energy efficiencies of 81.96% over dynamic testing lasting >3000 h. This demonstration promises a safe, cost-effective, and long-lifetime technology as an attractive candidate for grid scale storage. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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