Substitution of Ca2+ in Calcite by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations through ion exchange characterized by X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies
| Autor: | Prae Chirawatkul, Jonathan B. Junio, Marlon T. Conato, Candy C. Mercado |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Calcite
Strontium Materials science Ion exchange Mechanical Engineering chemistry.chemical_element Perovskite solar cell 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics 01 natural sciences Strontianite Crystallography chemistry.chemical_compound Calcium carbonate chemistry Mechanics of Materials General Materials Science Absorption (chemistry) 0210 nano-technology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Perovskite (structure) |
| Zdroj: | MRS Advances. 6:342-349 |
| ISSN: | 2059-8521 |
| Popis: | Tin (Sn2+) and strontium (Sr2+), two potential alternatives to lead (Pb2+) in perovskite formation, were explored in transforming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) into a leaving group in a cation exchange reaction. This is the first part of a sequential ion exchange process in transforming calcite into a Pb-free perovskite material for perovskite solar cell applications. Calcite, a polymorph of CaCO3, was successfully transformed into strontianite (SrCO3) through a cation exchange reaction. In the Sn substitution reaction on the other hand, no SnCO3 formation was noted. Instead, oxides of Sn were formed. The wider spaces in between Ca2+ cations in (100) orientation account for the higher atomic Sn2+ and Sr2+ concentrations as compared to (001) orientation, where the cation movement is restricted. X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies were used to investigate the ion-exchange transformation of calcite towards the formation of an intermediate carbonate material. Graphic abstract |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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