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We evaluated how the behavioural and heart rate response of dairy cows and calves to mutual separation was affected by two factors: the age of the calf at separation (1, 4 and 7 days) and the presence or absence of visual and auditory contact between the mother and her calf after separation. In total, 46 cow–calf pairs were randomly allocated to one of six treatments according to a 3×2 factorial design. The cows' behavioural response to separation was recorded at 0–1, 9–10, 25–26 and 50 and 51h after separation. The calves' behavioural response was recorded during the 24h after separation. The heart rate was measured 60min before and 60min after separation. Cows from the later separation treatments spent more time standing ( p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p |
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