How environmental enrichment affects behavioral and glucocorticoid responses in captive blue-and-yellow macaws ( Ara ararauna )
| Autor: | Rupert Palme, Ana Claudia de Almeida, Nei Moreira |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Ara ararauna
Environmental enrichment biology Aggression 05 social sciences 0402 animal and dairy science 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences biology.organism_classification 040201 dairy & animal science chemistry.chemical_compound Animal science Biting Food Animals chemistry Corticosterone Feather visual_art visual_art.visual_art_medium medicine 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Animal Science and Zoology Chronic stress 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology medicine.symptom Cage |
| Zdroj: | Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 201:125-135 |
| ISSN: | 0168-1591 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.12.019 |
| Popis: | Captive animals are susceptible to chronic stress due to restricted space, lack of hiding places, presence of visitors, or the lack of resources that promote physical and mental stimuli. In birds, chronic stress can promote stereotypes, self-mutilation, feather picking, chewing on cage bars and walls, fearfulness and excessive aggression. Environmental enrichment (EE) becomes an important management tool to decrease chronic stress in captive animals. In our study, captive blue-and-yellow macaws (n = 22) kept in zoos in Brazil were exposed to EE in three experimental phases (pre-enrichment – no objects added to the cage; enrichment – physical, occupational and food items added; and post-enrichment – no objects added to the cage). Their behaviors were monitored by focal sampling and excreta were collected three times a week. Frequency of the behavior occurrence and correlation between behavioral data and corticosterone metabolites (CM) levels in droppings were assessed. “Vocalization”, “Movement” and “Resting” were the behaviors that occurred more frequently during the three phases. Abnormal behaviors showed no significant difference between phases, but “Biting itself” and “Pacing” decreased significantly from the pre-enrichment to the enrichment phase (p = 0.042 and p = 0.012, respectively), while “Standing on grid ceiling” increased significantly from pre-enrichment to enrichment phase (p = 0.002). Locomotion (p = 0.018) and movement (p = 0.003) were increased, whereas vocalization (p = 0.007), preening (p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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