Popis: |
Acutely uncontrolled diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia and tissue catabolism, can cause fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, visual changes, coma, and death. Although the risk for ketoacidosis is markedly higher in type 1 diabetes, characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, it can also occur in type 2 diabetes (usually in the setting of major stress). With the development of effective therapies to control symptomatic hyperglycemia, the chief concern of chronic diabetes management has moved on to the prevention of long-term complications associated with hyperglycemia, including the microvascular complications of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and macrovascular (cardiovascular) disease. Maintaining glycemia as close to normal as possible without unacceptable hypoglycemia and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol have been demonstrated to prevent or delay progression of complications of diabetes. |