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In the last few years, many advances have been made in genomic and proteomic sciences using gel-based technologies. Some of these technologies still have valuable applications for genomic and proteomic studies. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), for example, is a protein fractionation technique used to analyze the differential expression of genes and to characterize post-translational modifications. On the other hand, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is used to determine the size of prokaryotic genomes, for the detection of plasmids, and in epidemiological studies of pathogenic microorganisms. In this context, this chapter aims to describe the functionality of gel-based techniques, such as 2DE and PFGE, as well as their pros and cons, and advances that have been made and their primary applications in the fields of genomics and proteomics of microorganisms. |
