Emissions of anthropogenic hydrogen to the atmosphere during the potential transition to an increasingly H2-intensive economy
| Autor: | Alexander Wokaun, Brigitte Buchmann, T. Gül, S. W. Bond, Stefan Reimann |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Hydrogen
Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Industrial production Environmental engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology Exhaust gas chemistry.chemical_element Condensed Matter Physics Fuel Technology chemistry Hydrogen economy Fuel cells Environmental science business Loss rate Hydrogen production |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 36:1122-1135 |
| ISSN: | 0360-3199 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.016 |
| Popis: | In this study, current and future anthropogenic hydrogen (H 2 ) emissions to the atmosphere from technological processes are assessed. Current emissions are dominated by the direct exhaust gas of road-based motor vehicles and losses during the industrial production of H 2 from fossil-fuels. H 2 emissions from transportation are estimated at 4.5 Tg for 2010. An additional ∼0.5–2 Tg H 2 are estimated to be lost to the atmosphere from industrial processes in 2010. In 2020, emissions from transportation are estimated at approximately 50% of those in 2010. Future emissions will occur as losses along the entire production, distribution, and end-use chain, including emissions from H 2 fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). In 2050, overall anthropogenic H 2 emissions will only approach current levels at high-end loss rates; direct emissions from transportation are expected to be significantly lower than current levels. In 2100, an average loss rate of 0.5% would result in overall H 2 emissions exceeding current levels even with no net H 2 emissions from FCVs. However, based on an average loss rate of 0.1%, H 2 emission factors from FCVs on the order to 120–170 mg km −1 are projected to result in overall anthropogenic H 2 emissions similar to 2010 levels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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