Ecological Indicators in Risk Assessment: Workshop Summary
| Autor: | Guat-Lian Kreamer, Walter J. Berry, Ralph G. Stahl, Jonathan Garber, Susan M. Cormier, Jennifer Orme-Zavaleta, James R. Clark, Carl F. Muska, Robert A. Hoke, William S. Fisher, Kay Austin, Michael E. Sierszen, Laura E. Jackson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2000 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 6:671-677 |
| ISSN: | 1549-7860 1080-7039 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/10807030008951333 |
| Popis: | Ecological indicators can be defined as relatively simple measurements that relay scientific information about complex ecosystems. Such indicators are used to characterize risk in ecological risk assessment (ERA) and to mark progress toward resource management goals. In late 1997, scientists from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and from the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) held a workshop to explore opportunities for collaborative research and scientific exchange on the development and application of ecological indicators. Several scientific challenges were identified as they relate to problem formulation, exposure and effects assessment, and risk characterization. Chief among these were a better understanding of multiple stressors (both chemical and non-chemical), characterization of reference sites and natural variability, extrapolation of measures to ecologically relevant scales, development of comprehensive, ecosystem-based models that incorporate multiple stressors and recep... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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