In vitro exposure to the common water contaminant Atrazine inhibits CD4+ T cell proliferation and increases the frequency of FoxP3+ cells (168.5)
| Autor: | Scott Wetzel, Lindsay Thueson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Immunology. 186:168.5-168.5 |
| ISSN: | 1550-6606 0022-1767 |
| Popis: | Atrazine (ATR) is the second-most widely applied herbicide used in the United States. The US EPA has reported that ATR and its primary metabolite are the most common ground water contaminant in the US. While the majority of the US population routinely ingests ATR, much remains to be learned about its biological activity. Atrazine is a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor and is classified as an estrogen-disrupting compound that has been linked to reproductive abnormalities and cancer development. Previous studies have also implicated the immune system as a target of ATR toxicity. In this study we examined the impact of ATR on antigen-driven, in vitro activation, phenotype and expansion of primary murine TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells. In the presence of ATR there were minimal changes T cell activation marker expression, although kinetics of CD69 and CD25 up-regulation and down-modulation of the TCR were slightly delayed. However, ATR treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of T cell proliferation and effector cytokine production. Rather than rescuing the T cell proliferation defect, addition of exogenous IL-2 resulted in a more pronounced proliferation defect in the ATR-treated cultures. We subsequently observed that the frequency of Foxp3+ T cells significantly was increased in the ATR-treated cultures by day 4. Studies are underway to determine mechanism of the ATR-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation along with the increase in FoxP3+ T cell frequency. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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