| Popis: |
This chapter offers an overview of the modern technologies currently deployed for the conversion of essential biomass and environmental challenges that play a vital role in the ecological system. The conversion of biomass to energy and chemical substances is growing progressively widespread, being a means of reducing global overheating and various sources of energy. Biomass is a sustainable, carbon-neutral source, and biomass fuel obtained from biomass typically burns cleaner than fossil fuels. It was expected that the biomass would meet about 25% regarding the world's energy needs. Biomass would further be a worthwhile supply of additives to chemical substances, medicals, and foodstuffs. Various forms of biomass could be transformed into energy and chemical substances. Sources include timber/wood and waste of wood, farm crops, animal waste, animal feedlot litter, food processing waste, and water treatment sludge. Biomass can be transformed into energy using different methods. The biomass can be burnt, converted into natural gas by partial combustion, biogas by fermentation, bioalcohol by processes of biochemical, biodiesel, a bio-oil, or syngas of which chemical products and energy fuel can be integrated. A comprehensive evaluation of the various methods that could turn biomass toward energies and chemical products reveals that each specific method has its weakness. Consequently, it is advised that the best choice for combining and integrating different methods should be determined in such a way as cover the optimization of economic and environmental advantages, whereas reducing waste and pollution. |
