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Grid integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicles (EVs) has been increasing in recent years, mainly with two motivations: reducing energy cost, and reducing emission. Several research studies focuses on the individual impact of grid integration of PVs and EVs. However, it is worth noting that with the increasing penetration of PVs and EVs, the power grid will be experiencing the combined impact of PV–EV integration. To present a thorough understanding, this study first presents a detailed study on the impact of grid integration of PVs and EVs individually, followed by combined impact of PV and EV, on the aspects of grid stability, power quality and energy economics. It has been identified from the literature review that individually PVs and EVs can negatively affect the grid stability and power quality due to the intermittent nature of PV energy and uncertainty of EV load. However, several research works have reported that coordinated operation of the PVs and EVs can negate the issues arising due to individual integration of PVs and EVs. Furthermore, large-scale penetration of PVs and EVs are expected in future energy market, and coordinated operation of them can potentially help lowering energy costs and carbon footprint. |
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