| Autor: |
Robert L. Minckley, Edward F. Connor, Terry L. Griswold, Emanuel Kula, Robert P. Jean, James H. Cane, Barbara Gemmill-Herren, Simon G. Potts, Gordon W. Frankie, Gretchen LeBuhn, Frank D. Parker, Karen W. Wright, David W. Roubik, Sam Droege |
| Rok vydání: |
2012 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Conservation Biology. 27:113-120 |
| ISSN: |
0888-8892 |
| DOI: |
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01962.x |
| Popis: |
Recently there has been considerable concern about declines in bee communities in agricultural and natural habitats. The value of pollination to agriculture, provided primarily by bees, is >$200 billion/year worldwide, and in natural ecosystems it is thought to be even greater. However, no monitoring program exists to accurately detect declines in abundance of insect pollinators; thus, it is difficult to quantify the status of bee communities or estimate the extent of declines. We used data from 11 multiyear studies of bee communities to devise a program to monitor pollinators at regional, national, or international scales. In these studies, 7 different methods for sampling bees were used and bees were sampled on 3 different continents. We estimated that a monitoring program with 200-250 sampling locations each sampled twice over 5 years would provide sufficient power to detect small (2-5%) annual declines in the number of species and in total abundance and would cost U.S.$2,000,000. To detect declines as small as 1% annually over the same period would require >300 sampling locations. Given the role of pollinators in food security and ecosystem function, we recommend establishment of integrated regional and international monitoring programs to detect changes in pollinator communities. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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