| Popis: |
This chapter provides a background history of postdoctoral scholars (postdocs) at United States institutions, focusing on the end of 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. During this critical time, a more urgent sense of the challenges facing the academic research enterprise at the turn of the 21st century developed, and a wide range of stakeholders joined in an effort to create and implement solutions. From grassroots postdoctoral associations to national policy leaders, these stakeholders worked to define problems, identify solutions, and system that had become unsustainably dependent on an ever-increasing number of postdoctoral trainees. |
