| Popis: |
The metabolic budget considers the share of energy obtained from the food and directed to the several functions of the animal. On top of the maintenance metabolic rates, there is the energy requirement for locomotion, digestion, synthesis, reproduction, growth as well as for stress and immune responses. Increased resting rates or demands by stress or disease result in slower or negative growth. The energetic cost of osmoregulation remains in the maintenance component. The main cultured species or zoological groups have variable osmoregulatory strategies. Energy employed in osmoregulation is related to the maintenance of homeostasis or allostasis. This chapter will thus focus on the relationship between aquaculture practices and stress and diseases of cultured animals, through a homeostasis/allostasis point of view and their metabolic budgets and intrinsic trade-offs involved. |
