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The article presents remarks on outdoor reconstructions of primeval and medieval bridge crossings in Central Europe on the example of the selected constructions with a wooden structure. The presented bridges were the subject of archaeological research on terrestrialised lake and river reservoirs or the subject of underwater prospection. Firstly the article presents the construction of primeval bridges, by showing the bridge of the defensive settlement of the Lusatian culture from the 8th century BC in Biskupin on Kujawy in Poland. The next construction is a Celtic bridge from Cornaux-Les Sauges in Switzerland, from 120-115 BC, displayed in Laténium, in an archaeological park in Hauterive on the shore of Lake Neuchâtel. Further the article presents outdoor reconstructions of the medieval bridges, beginning with Gross Raden (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) from the end of the 9th century till the beginning of the 11th century, and further Kalisz-Zawodzie, built in the 9th century and used till the beginning of the 13th century. The bridge crossing between Rapperswil and Hurden in Switzerland, on Zurich Lake, is the greatest medieval bridge construction in Central Europe. The bridge was built in 1358-1360 and functioned till almost the end of the 19th century. In 2001 a replica of this bridge was created. Discussion on out door reconstructions of bridges should also mention a large-size construction of the bridge-like port pier in Haithabu, near Schleswig (Schleswig-Holstein), dated 885/886. The bridge near Ravning Enge in Denmark is the next construction. The occasional replica of the part of Władysław Jagiełło bridge in Czerwińsk from 1410, built for the Polish troops to cross the Vistula river before the Battle of Grunwald with the Teutonic Order, is also worth mentioning. In the final part of the article the remarks concerning he potential reconstruction possibilities of the interesting bridge constructions in Poland and the Czech Republic are included. They include bridges on Ostrów Lednicki, built at the turn of the 10th and 11th century to the island’s gord, the residence of the first Piasts, and the third one, which later led to the tower knights’ residence, located on a small island, Ledniczka. In the Czech Republic, the Museum of the Great Moravia in Mikulčice faces a similar challenge. Between several parts of this great settlement from the 9th century, 3 bridge crossings were discovered. |
