The Effect of Adjuvants, Pesticide Formulation, and Spray Nozzle Tips on Spray Droplet Size
| Autor: | Robert N. Klein, Jeffrey A. Golus, Kelli L. Nelms, R. Zollinger, Arlean Rhode, S. W. Dean |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Materials science Nozzle Pesticide application Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Engineering Environmental engineering Thrust Spray nozzle Pesticide formulation Nuclear Energy and Engineering Deposition (phase transition) Particle General Materials Science Composite material Droplet size |
| Zdroj: | Journal of ASTM International. 6:102156 |
| ISSN: | 1546-962X |
| DOI: | 10.1520/jai102156 |
| Popis: | Many factors, including adjuvants, pesticide formulations, and nozzle tips, affect spray droplet size. It is important to understand these factors as spray droplet size affects both drift and efficacy of pesticides, which is a main concern with pesticide application. A laser particle analyzer was used to determine the spray droplet size and distributions of a range of formulations sprayed through several types of nozzle tips. Nozzles included were extended range flat fan sizes 11003 and 11005 (Spraying Systems XR), air induction flat fan sizes 11005 and 11004 (AI), air induction extended range flat fan size 11005 (AIXR), preorifice flat fan size 11005 (TT), and a second preorifice flat fan size 2.5 (TF). Several deposition/retention adjuvants were studied, including Array, Interlock, In-Place, and Thrust. Another study looked at diflufenzopyr + dicamba (Status, BASF) in combination with several adjuvants. Also, three fungicides were evaluated at differing spray volumes. Results indicated that the droplet size of some nozzle tips is more affected than others by changes in the contents of the spray solution. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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