Strong watermark numbers encoded as reducible permutation graphs against edge modification attacks

Autor: Anna Mpanti, Stavros D. Nikolopoulos, Leonidas Palios
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Computer Security. 31:107-128
ISSN: 1875-8924
0926-227X
DOI: 10.3233/jcs-210048
Popis: Software watermarking is a defense technique used to prevent or discourage software piracy by embedding a signature in the code. In (Discrete Applied Mathematics 250 (2018) 145–164), a software watermarking system is presented which encodes an integer number w (i.e., a watermark) as a reducible permutation flow-graph F [ π ∗ ] embeddable in the code through the use of a self-inverting permutation π ∗ . In this work, we theoretically investigate this watermarking system and exploit structural properties of the self-inverting permutation π ∗ encoding the watermark in order to prove its resilience to edge-modification attacks on the flow-graph F [ π ∗ ]. Based on the minimum number of edge modifications needed to be applied on F [ π ∗ ] so that a different watermark can be extracted from the resulting graph, we give a characterization of the watermarks as strong, intermediate or weak and provide good recommendations for the choices of watermark.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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