Precipitation and evaporation budgets over the Baltic Proper: observations and modelling

Autor:	Barbara Hennemuth, Sven-Erik Gryning, Ulf Högström, Reijo Hyvönen, Daniel Michelson, M. Clemens, Bengt Tammelin, Ekaterina Batchvarova, G. Peters, T. Andersson, Anders Omstedt, K. Bumke, Anna Rutgersson, Ann-Sofi Smedman
Rok vydání:	2005
Předmět:	Atmospheric Science Planetary boundary layer General Engineering Sensible heat Oceanography Water balance Latent heat Climatology General Earth and Planetary Sciences Environmental science Hydrometeorology Precipitation Water cycle HIRLAM General Environmental Science
Zdroj:	Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science. 10:163-191
ISSN:	1741-7546 1741-7538
DOI:	10.1080/17417530500513756
Popis:	Precipitation and evaporation budgets over the Baltic Sea were studied in a concerted project called PEP in BALTEX (Pilot study of Evaporation and Precipitation in the Baltic Sea), combining extensive field measurements and modelling efforts. Eddy-correlation-measurements of turbulent heat flux were made on a semi-continuous basis for a 12 month period at four well-exposed coastal sites in the Baltic Proper (the main basin of the Baltic Sea). Precipitation was measured at land-based sites with standard gauges and on four merchant ships travelling between Germany and Finland with the aid of specially designed ship rain gauges (SRGs). The evaporation and precipitation regime of the Baltic Sea was modelled for a 12 month period by applying a wide range of numerical models: the operational atmospheric High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM, Swedish and Finnish versions), the German atmospheric REgional-scale MOdel, REMO, the operational German Europe Model (only precipitation), the oceanographic model PRO...
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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