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Our aim was to quantify the association between hypertension and four well-known cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood glucose, smoking) and to determine the extent of their combinations in hypertensive subjects in an adult population in Guadeloupe (FWI). A case–control study was conducted in 1999. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension according to cardiovascular risk factors were calculated by a logistic regression model. In all, 4210 subjects were included in the study: 2105 hypertensives and 2105 age and sex matched non-hypertensive controls. In the hypertensives, obesity (30%) was the most frequent risk factor followed by dyslipidemia (23.2%), current smoking (11.5%) and high blood glucose (8.2%). But, prevalence of current smokers was higher in normotensives (13.9 vs. 11.5%, p < 0.01). Among cases, 44.5% had no risk factor other than hypertension. The proportion of subjects with multiple risks factors (≥2) was higher in hypertensives than in controls (55.5 vs. 6.5%, p < 0.001) and higher in women than in men in cases (58.1 vs. 51.8%, p = 0.005). The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of hypertension were 2.41 (2.02–2.88) for obesity, 1.39 (1.16–1.66) for dyslipidemia and 1.67 (1.20–2.32) for high blood glucose. Our study documents the high prevalence of combinations of cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive subjects in Guadeloupe and confirms the need of a global risk approach in prevention and treatment of hypertension. |
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