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The introduction of computed tomography (CT) into clinical use renewed interest in stereotactic neurosurgery [16]. With CT, intracerebral lesions are directly visible, and the images are easy to use with a stereotactic coordinate system. After the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging MRI in the 1980s, these data sets were also incorporated into stereotactic techniques and could be used for stereotactic planning and surgery [57, 58]. Stereotacticguided techniques were developed to target pathological lesions within the brain. Technically, a target and an entry point are selected just like in stereotactic biopsy. The entry point marks the craniotomy site. Commonly, a catheter is inserted and advanced to the target point, and preparation is performed along this predefined trajectory until the target point and therefore the tumor is reached. Kelly developed a technique of volumetric stereotactic surgery: the compass system. In contrast to the point-in-space stereotactic technique, the volumetric technique provides calculation of the tumor volume and therefore of the borders of a lesion. A computer system is required for this complex mathematical calculation [17, 18, 38, 39, 40]. |
