| Popis: |
Although rare, paraneoplastic neurological disorders can result in devastating morbidity and mortality. Early detection of associated paraneoplastic neurological antibodies assists in diagnosis and will alert the clinician to search for an occult neoplasm. There are useful guidelines for the assessment of the clinical relevance of paraneoplastic neurological antibodies, which include the following: the antibody must be present in more than one patient with a similar neurological disorder and corresponding tumour; the concentration of the antibody in the serum should be relatively high; the antibodies should react with a symptomatic part of the nervous system; and the nature of the antigen must be identified by both immunohistochemistry and Western blots on neuronal proteins. Chapters 78 and 79 are concerned respectively with the antibodies whose associated antigens are located to the nucleus and cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. There are further important reactivities such as anti-amphiphysin and anti-CV2/CRMP5 and some more rare specificities which are less widely reported but also merit a review. This chapter is concerned with the following paraneoplastic neurological antibodies: anti-amphiphysin, anti-CV2/CRMP5, anti-GAD67, anti-mGluR1, anti-Zic4 and AGNA. |
