| Popis: |
This chapter details the latest surgical advances and outcomes in the modern surgical management of female classic bladder exstrophy to include patient selection for closure, operative considerations, and outcomes. In addition, it addresses the most common pitfalls and challenges encountered when accomplishing each of the major surgical interventions. This chapter also reviews the incidence, embryology, and anatomic considerations when approaching the treatment of the exstrophy patient. This review contains 4 figures, and 36 references. Key Words: bladder exstrophy, congenital defect, embryology, epispadias, pelvic floor, reconstruction, sexual function, urinary continence |
