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Gram-type positive bacteria, composed of the two phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, are characterized by the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer and the absence of lipopolysaccharide and an outer membrane. Though closely related phylogenetically, these bacteria are diverse in habitat, metabolism and medical and industrial importance. Although not observed for all, the Firmicutes (low G+C mol% group) represent endospore-formers while the Actinobacteria (high G+C mol% group) taxa form actinospores (Actinoplanes), conidiospores (Streptomyces) or hyphae-fragmentation into short cells without formation of conidia (Nocardia). Keywords: Gram-type; bacteria; clostridia; bacilli |
