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For situations where performing reservoir management studies based on developing and running a full-scale reservoir simulation model is not plausible, physics-based and/or data-driven surrogate (or proxy) models may provide an attractive alternative. Recently, we developed a new physics-based data-driven model referred to as INSIM-BHP for reservoir flow and transport as a replacement for a reservoir simulator. INSIM-BHP provides rapid and accurate computation of well rates and BHPs for history matching, forecasting, and production optimization purposes. INSIM-BHP delivers precise BHP calculations under the influence of a limited aquifer drive mechanism. In this study, we present and investigate the application of INSIM-BHP to history match highly variable real-life (oscillatory) oil rate and BHP data acquired daily in multi-perforated wells. Previous versions of INSIM were never used to history match such data sets. INSIM-BHP represents the physics of two-phase oil-water flow more authentically by incorporating a harmonic-mean transmissibility computation protocol and including an arithmetic-mean gravity term in the pressure equation. As the specific data set considered in this study contains a sequence of highly variable oil rate and BHP data, the data density requires INSIM-BHP to take smaller than usual time steps and places a strain on the ensemble-smoother multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) history-matching algorithm, which utilizes INSIM-BHP as the forward model. Another new development is the use of time-variant well indices and skin factors within INSIM-BHP's well model to account for the effects of well events on reservoir responses such as scaling, sand production, and matrix acidizing. A novel modification has been made to the well-head term calculation better mimic the physics of flow in the wellbore when the production rate is low, or the well(s) is(are) shut-in. We compare the history-matched oil rate and BHP data and forecasted results by INSIM-BHP with those from a commercial reservoir simulator. Results show that INSIM-BHP yields accurate forecasting of wells’ oil rates and BHPs on a daily level even under the influence of oscillatory rate schedules. Besides, INSIM-BHP can help diagnose abnormal BHP measurements within simulation runs. Computational costs incurred by INSIM-BHP and a commercial simulator are evaluated for the real data set investigated in this paper. It has been observed that INSIM-BHP simulations run more than ten-fold faster than a conventional reservoir simulator. Application results demonstrate that INSIM-BHP has great potential to be a rapid approximate capability for history matching and forecasting workflow in the investigated limited-volume aquifer-driven development. |
