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The socially debilitating effects of long-term hospitalization or insti-tutionalization are well documented (Barton, 1959; Goffman, 1961; Gruenberg, 1967; Shadoan, 1976; Wing, 1962). Rose (1959) and Evans, Bullard, and Solomon (1961) reported that the longer a person was institutionalized, the more his or her social contacts, especially family relationships, became disrupted, disengaged, and disintegrated. However, inequity of support exchanges can lead members of the mentally disordered person’s social network to run the risk of excessive burden, exhaustion, and burnout in providing essential care to the disabled person (Froland, Brodsky, Olson, & Stewart, 1979; Sullivan & Poertner, 1989). This burden has been considered a key element in the abandonment and resulting isolation of persons with serious mental disorders. Thus, mutuality of exchange is considered crucial to the maintenance of effective support systems for this vulnerable population (Froland et al., 1979; Moxley, 1988; Parks & Pilisuk, 1984; Tolsdorf, 1976). |
