Exfoliative cytology of the human mammary gland and its value in the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases of the breast

Autor: Genevieve M. Bader, Emil A. Falk, Doris G. Holmquist, George N. Papanicolaou
Rok vydání: 1958
Předmět:
Zdroj: Cancer. 11:377-409
ISSN: 1097-0142
0008-543X
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(195803/04)11:2<377::aid-cncr2820110223>3.0.co;2-a
Popis: PONTANEOUS nipple discharge, unrelated to S pregnancy or lactation, is usually regarded as a sign of mammary disease or endocrine dysfunction. The discharge may be serous, serosanguineous, or sanguineous; however, its macroscopic appearance does not constitute a reliable indicator of its underlying cause. In view of the fact that spontaneous secretion may occur in the absence of any palpable localized change in the mammary tissue that would pinpoint an area for biopsy or needle aspiration, a microscopic examination of the secretion might be reasonably expected to serve as a valuable aid in diagnosis. Microscopic examination of smeaxx of spontaneous nipple discharge was begun in this laboratory by the senior author in 1947. Preliminary observations were sufficiently encouraging to warrant further exploration of this application of the smear technique, particu
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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