| Popis: |
Bentham’s formulation of the principle of utility is explained. The principal text of 1780 seems not to require maximizing happiness, although two formulations added in 1823 are both maximizing, in different ways. On balance, it seems that Bentham in 1780 thought the principle required maximizing happiness. Bentham’s form of utilitarianism is “act,” not “rule.” The reasoning presented at the end of Chapter I of IPML contains two arguments. The briefer one is given the name, the Motivation Argument. It states that, given Bentham’s theory of motivation, he can show that every person has motives available to her for performing the acts that the principle of utility declares are right. |
