| Popis: |
The core cleaning approaches aim to remove native crude oil, mud filtrates and evaporated salts which leads to strongly water-wet cores. In the standard core cleaning method, the solvent(s) injection continues until no more oil is observed in effluent. This is generally confirmed by visual examination, rather than by analyzing the composition of effluent, simply because it is expensive. In this work, we selected two preserved rock sections from an oil reservoir in North Sea. 1.5-inch diameter core plugs were cleaned by two different flush cleaning programs (so-called Program-1 and 2). In Program-1, samples were flushed first with 75% toluene + 25% methanol and then followed by alternate of toluene-chloroform-methanol until the samples were deemed cleaned from visual examination. In Program-2, samples were flushed by alternating toluene-tetrahydrofuran-chloroform for 8 cycles. Oil effluents from Program-2 were collected for composition GC analyses. The efficiencies of two flush cleaning programs were compared by measuring the wettability of the samples by combined Amott-USBM wettability method. The USBM index shows samples after cleaning program-2 are more water wet. Samples were then aged in crude oil at reservoir conditions for 4 weeks. Drainage and imbibition capillary pressure using centrifuge and porous plate and the end-point liquid permeabilities were then measured on restored samples. End-point properties after aging process, showed wettability being restored to intermediate water-wet as is expected from field production history. This study shows that standard cleaning does not fully clean these samples. Meanwhile, the elaborate Program-2 is often impractical, takes too long, is expensive and limited by laboratory capacity. |
