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This chapter introduces the supercritical fluid extraction of oleoresins and plant phenolics. It starts with the brief introduction on the various types of oleoresins and phenolic compounds from plant sources, followed by the different convention extraction methods performed. The important parameters that should be taken into account in order to optimize the extraction processes include: (1) the solubility of targeted compounds in supercritical fluid; (2) pretreatment of the sample before extraction (particle size, moisture content, and enzymatic pretreatment); (3) the use of cosolvent; and (4) operating parameters (pressure, temperature, carbon dioxide flow rate, and time. The use of cosolvents for the enhanced extraction of plant phenolics to increase the polarity of the supercritical fluid is discussed and the assisting technologies, namely, enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and high hydrostatic pressure-supercritical fluid extraction for optimized supercritical fluid extraction of plant phenolics are explained. |
