| Popis: |
Currently, the modern world is facing with a major challenge regarding the production of renewable energy for phasing out fossil fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass can potentially be used as a substrate for the production of a diverse range of different biofuels such as bioethanol while not triggering food vs. fuel debate. Generally, the bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass involves four major steps including lignocellulose delignification/pretreatment, hydrolysis (i.e., chemical or enzymatic), hydrolyzate sugar fermentation, and distillation. The economic and environmental feasibilities of the mentioned process could significantly be enhanced through the application of phytopathogenic fungi or their enzyme cocktails. Typically, necrotrophic pathogenic fungi have exceptionally high capabilities for a copious production of various hydrolytic enzymes with activity on wide range of plant biomass, compared to biotrophic or hemibiotrophic ones. In this chapter, ten filamentous plant-pathogenic fungi species belonging to six genera, including Fusarium, Aspergillus, Phoma, Cryphonectria, Ustilago, and Colletotrichum, have comprehensively been discussed in respect to hydrolytic enzyme capabilities from bioethanol industry viewpoint. On this basis, their potential for application in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (or co-fermentation), separate hydrolysis and fermentation, and consolidated bioprocessing process has been investigated. Eventually, their genome richness in respect to the construction of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms or ethanologens with astonishing hydrolysis production ability from these fungi has also been scrutinized. |
