Diphenidine: a dissociative NPS makes an entrance on the drug scene
| Autor: | Chara Spiliopoulou, Sotiris Athanaselis, Panagiota Nikolaou, Ioannis Papoutsis, Nektaria Misailidi, Maria Katselou |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Drug
medicine.medical_specialty medicine.drug_class Diphenidine media_common.quotation_subject Public health 010401 analytical chemistry Biochemistry (medical) Pharmacology toxicology Medical law Toxicology medicine.disease Dissociative 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Pathology and Forensic Medicine Drug market 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Medical emergency Business Recreation 030217 neurology & neurosurgery media_common |
| Zdroj: | Forensic Toxicology. 36:233-242 |
| ISSN: | 1860-8973 1860-8965 |
| Popis: | Diphenidine is a potent synthetic dissociative anesthetic drug that has recently emerged in drug markets of Europe, Japan and America. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about this drug concerning its chemistry, synthesis, prevalence, pharmacology, toxicology and metabolism, as well as its legal status. Analytical methodologies developed for the determination of diphenidine in biological specimens and published diphenidine-related intoxications, fatal or not, are also presented. All the reviewed information was gathered through a detailed search of PubMed and the World Wide Web using proper keywords. Diphenidine is not approved for medical or veterinary use, but it is used illicitly around the world for recreational purposes or as a substitute of other controlled dissociative drugs. It is available through the Internet in powder form for oral administration, smoking or vaporization. Since its first appearance in the drug market in 2013, seizures have been reported worldwide and its abuse has already caused intoxications and deaths in Europe and Japan, thus leading to its scheduling in the United Kingdom and Canada during the second semester of 2016. Diphenidine is a harmful dissociative drug that recently gained serious concern for public health. International and local authorities should take all the appropriate actions and measures to avoid the expansion of this new threat. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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