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Goal. To establish regularities of formation of the seasonal regime of humidification of over-regraded degraded chernozem under the long-term influence of intensive, low-consumption and organic fertilizer system in 5-field grain-crop rotation in the conditions of the Central Right-Bank-Dnieper Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was found that on average during 2 crop rotations in crop rotation the dry matter yield of the main product under the organic system relative to the intensive fertilizer system was lower by 3.5 t/ha, and the total biomass — by 8 t/ha. Regardless of the fertilizer system, the share of basic products in the total phytomass was 26–28%. The ratio of dry matter of the main product to the by-product increased from intensive to organic fertilizer system: from 1 to 1.58 and 1 to 2.29, which indicated a more intensive increase in by-products of the organic fertilizer system. The consumption of productive soil moisture from the organic fertilizer system was lower by 40 mm, and the total cost, including precipitation, was lower by 305 mm or 15% compared to the intensive fertilizer system. Coefficients of water consumption regardless of the fertilizer system relative to the dry matter yield of the main products were: Kv=103–113, and to the total biomass: Kv=28–30. Conclusions. The increase in dry matter yield of basic and total biomass is associated with an increase in the consumption of soil and atmospheric moisture. At the same time, the coefficients of water consumption by crop rotation cultures and in general during crop rotation change little regardless of the fertilizer system. In general, for 2 rotations under the organic fertilizer system, 70 mm less moisture was spent on crop formation compared to the intensive fertilizer system. Under the organic fertilizer system, the critical phase of crop development in the crop rotation was 20 mm higher, and at the time of harvest — 80 mm more than the option of intensive fertilization. |
