| Autor: |
Michael Blute, Arthur D. Smith, Zeph Okeke, Brian Duty, Zhamshid Okhunov |
| Rok vydání: |
2012 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Difficult Cases in Endourology ISBN: 9781848820821 |
| DOI: |
10.1007/978-1-84882-083-8_11 |
| Popis: |
Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma accounts for roughly 5 % of all urothelial malignancies. Tumors of the renal collecting system and ureter rarely remain clinically silent. Most patients present with either hematuria and/or flank pain. A variety of diagnostic approaches may be utilized; however, computed tomography urography is currently the most sensitive and specific imaging modality. Urinary cytology continues to be important because of its sensitivity for high-grade lesions. Ureteroscopy has both a diagnostic and therapeutic role. Although ureteroscopic biopsies rarely provide accurate staging, multiple studies have demonstrated the strong correlation between tumor grade and stage. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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