A simple test to assess the emotional status of smokers

Autor:	Maria Vera Castellano, Carla Riva Perez, Adriana Ignacio de Padua, José Baddini-Martinez, Antonio Luiz Rodrigues-Júnior, Simone Cedano, Mariane Monteschi
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine business.industry Addiction media_common.quotation_subject Loneliness Test (assessment) 03 medical and health sciences Smoking initiation 0302 clinical medicine Cronbach's alpha medicine Immunology and Allergy Anxiety 030212 general & internal medicine medicine.symptom Set (psychology) business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Genetics (clinical) Depression (differential diagnoses) media_common Clinical psychology
Zdroj:	The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 12:2606-2612
ISSN:	1752-6981
DOI:	10.1111/crj.12964
Popis:	Background and aims Smokers exhibit a high prevalence of psychological abnormalities, and these factors may contribute to smoking initiation, its maintenance, and quitting difficulties. This study reports the development of a scale aiming at evaluating the emotional status of smokers in face of tobacco. Methods Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Stress, Self-esteem, and Loneliness of 120 smokers (age: 54.6 years; 74 women) were compared with those of 76 nonsmokers (age: 45.5 years; 47 women). Correlations between psychological scores, plus the feature Attachment to Cigarettes, and Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) counts were explored. Features showing the best correlations with FTND were selected to be part of a 6-item scale called Smoker's Emotional Test (SET). SET scores of this group and of an additional sample of smokers (n = 102; age = 52.6; women = 63) were submitted to psychometric analyses and validation tests. Results SET showed a structure of two factors, Anxiety/Depression and Attachment to Cigarettes. SET showed significant correlations with FTND (r = 0.418), number of smoked cigarettes (r = 0.299), time to urge for a new cigarette (r = -0.441), and pleasure of smoking (r = 0.346). The internal consistency of SET was higher than that of FTND scores (Cronbach's alpha: respectively .712 and .542). The test-retest reliability of SET was excellent (ICC = 0.944). SET scores higher than four distinguished smokers from nonsmokers with sensitivity of 87.3% and specificity of 92.7%. Conclusions SET is a simple instrument that gives an estimative of smoking-related emotional status and may define a new valuable construct of tobacco addiction.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::e070ece07689abb016d84f6bbe834f5c https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.12964 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje	K zobrazení výsledku je třeba se přihlásit.