Hypothalamic Control of Female Reproduction
| Autor: | Brian P. Kenealy, Ei Terasawa |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
GnRH Neuron
endocrine system medicine.medical_specialty medicine.drug_class media_common.quotation_subject Biology chemistry.chemical_compound Kisspeptin Endocrinology nervous system chemistry Estrogen Internal medicine medicine Neurokinin B Reproduction hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Menstrual cycle media_common |
| DOI: | 10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.59 |
| Popis: | Female reproduction is an interplay between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries. While the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron in the hypothalamus regulates gonadal function through the pituitary, GnRH neuronal activity is also profoundly influenced by ovarian steroid hormones. GnRH is released from GnRH neurons in a pulsatile manner after integration of a diverse array of internal and external milieus. Since the discovery of the mammalian GnRH molecule, over a dozen GnRH forms have been identified in the animal kingdom, and large numbers of publications in various lab animal and human studies suggest that GnRH neurons are regulated by multiple neuromodulators in the brain, such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B, β-dynorphin, neuropeptide Y, GnIH, GABA, glutamate, and glial factors. A recent emerging concept is that steroids synthesized locally in the hypothalamus, namely, neuroestradiol and neuroprogesterone, also contribute to the regulation of GnRH neuronal activity, and hence female reproduction. Together with modulation by various inputs and ovarian steroid feedback, GnRH neurons are responsible for puberty, cyclic ovulation, and menopause. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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