| Popis: |
The law and economics of water resources in sub-Saharan Africa is complicated because water is found from different sources, has different uses, is subject to different quality standards, and may be supplied by different entities with different organizational structures. A dual-pricing policy to water distribution is one approach to balance urban and agricultural needs for water. All countries vest ownership of public water in the head of state, and control of water resources in a Minister of State. Public water requires a permit for withdrawal. Utility boards or commissions set user fees, issue permits for water use, and define priority in water allocation. Rural water is controlled by communities based on community rules and norms. Irrigation water pricing is based on cost-recovery principles to make water affordable for farmers. Few water-related cases brought before courts have raised issues about water contract specification and rate-setting by governing public utilities. |
