| Popis: |
Peripheral vascular diseases are usually asymptomatic at the early stage and have been under-recognized and treated. However, without appropriate therapies, peripheral vascular disease will lead to severe clinical consequences, such as critical limb ischemia, limb amputation, ischemia stroke, refractory hypertension, and renal failure. This chapter covers the most common peripheral vascular diseases including peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, and renal artery disease. We focus on the etiology, clinical manifestations, key diagnostic tests, and differential diagnosis, as well as the managements. We include current evidence-based guidelines from the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology and the latest clinical trials for peripheral vascular diseases. |
