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The use of green chemistry principles and sustainable technologies is the need of the hour for pharmaceutics, food, textile, and fine chemical industries because of stringent regulations from the governments and environment agencies. The green chemistry, a set of 12 basic rules, basically refers to plan the synthetic strategies in such a way that there should be minimum influence on the environment and human health. For this, the atom and energy economical synthetic processes are being appreciated. Also, the environmentally harmful volatile organic solvents are being replaced with relatively greener substitutes. In this context, the use of greener solvents is receiving much attention from the scientific community. In present, the ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) have promoted as environmentally benign solvents in the synthetic methods. In addition to this, the microwave, ultrasound, and reactor technologies are being introduced as the cleaner production alternatives to overcome the difficulties of conventional synthetic methods. The present chapter throws light on the fundamental aspects of these greener techniques and also covers the comprehensive details about their implementation in the synthesis of nanomaterials. |
