| Popis: |
The sections in this article are: 1 Occurrence and Diagnosis of Heatstroke 2 Principal Systemic Responses to or Effects of Severe Heat Stress 2.1 Observations on Heatstroke Patients 2.2 Experimental Observations 2.3 Hormones 3 Proposed Systemic Mechanisms Responsible for Heat Tolerance Limitation 3.1 Breakdown of Thermolytic Mechanisms 3.2 Critical Body Temperatures 3.3 Cardiopulmonary Malfunction 3.4 Conflicts with Cardiovascular Stability 4 Role of Endotoxins in Heatstroke 4.1 The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Source of Toxic Agents 4.2 Leakage of Intestinal Lipopolysaccharide 4.3 Hypothesis 4.4 Pathophysiology of Lipopolysaccharide 4.5 Heatstroke and Lipopolysaccharide 4.6 Lipopolysaccharide in Sports Medicine 4.7 Therapeutic Implications 5 Cellular and Molecular Perspectives of Heat Tolerance 5.1 Membrane Blebbing 5.2 Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, and Thermophiles 5.3 Cellular Heat Death and Membrane Fluidity 5.4 Local Anesthetics and Membrane Fluidity 5.5 Leaks, Pumps, and Energy Metabolism 5.6 Hyperthermia and Measurement of Intracellular Ions 5.7 Apophysis and Other Mechanisms of Cell Death 5.8 Temperature and Endocrine Effects 5.9 Hypokalemia and Heatstroke 5.10 Hyperthermia, Lactate, and Acid–Base Balance 5.11 Heat Shock and Protein Synthesis 6 Factors Modifying Heat Tolerance 6.1 Exercise 6.2 Fitness 6.3 Hypohydration 6.4 Heat Acclimation 6.5 Very Young Age and Old Age 6.6 Drugs Modifying Heat Tolerance 7 Critical Techniques 7.1 The Fundamental Experimental Approach 7.2 Temperature Interpretation 7.3 Choice of Animal Model 7.4 Elucidation of Reflexogenic Pathways 7.5 Measurement of Blood Flow 8 Conclusion |
