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Pretreatment has been regarded as one of the most critical steps for the development of efficient biomass conversion processes, and this is related to the close association that exists among plant cell wall macromolecular components. Among the many criteria for determining the efficiency of a biomass pretreatment technique, the obtainment of high process yields in fermentable sugars and other useful process streams, the development of substrate accessibility for enzymatic hydrolysis and the minimal release of both hydrolysis and fermentation inhibitors are highly influential. This chapter dwells on the main principles of the most relevant biomass pretreatment techniques and their general effect on enzymatic hydrolysis at low enzyme loadings and high substrate total solids. Substrate-, enzyme-, and reactor-related for optimal enzymatic hydrolysis are discussed with the goal of providing rules for choosing the right pretreatment conditions for a given biomass type and obtaining high glucose yields upon enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated (ligno)cellulosic materials. |
