Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) Dispersal by European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
| Autor: | Larry C. Clark, Ryan J. Edwards, K. George Beck |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Starling Elaeagnus angustifolia virus diseases food and beverages 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Plant Science Biology biology.organism_classification 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Olive trees Horticulture Sturnus Germination Botany 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Biological dispersal Feeding patterns geographic locations |
| Zdroj: | Invasive Plant Science and Management. 7:425-431 |
| ISSN: | 1939-747X 1939-7291 |
| DOI: | 10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00082.1 |
| Popis: | Studies were conducted to document that European starlings consume Russian olive fruits and determine subsequent effects on seed germination. In the first study, avian feeding patterns at Russian olive trees were monitored over a 1-yr period using motion activated digital photography. Starlings fed on Russian olive fruits with highest activity occurring in November and December. In a second study, 20 captive European starlings were fed Russian olive fruits and seed germination rates were determined for three categories: consumed by starlings, hulled fruits (pericarp removed), and whole fruits. Starlings readily consumed Russian olive fruits and most seeds were regurgitated 30 min after consumption. Germination rates of ingested/regurgitated seeds (57%) and pericarp-removed seeds (40%) were greater than whole fruits (0%). Viability tests confirmed that 85% of starling ingested seeds remained viable after consumption. Our data suggest that Russian olive dispersal may be dependent upon animals for effective spread. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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