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BackgroundSo far, no research about the burden of the incidence rate, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and death rate associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been reported on the global, regional, and national levels. In this paper, we provide an overview of the most recent global epidemiology of nasopharyngeal cancer with data obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) repository.MethodsWe utilized the reports of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study in 2017 to estimate the burden of NPC in 194 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) from 2007 to 2017. Moreover, we assessed the risk factors of NPC-related DALYs and deaths through the Comparative Risk Assessment Framework.ResultsIn the year 2017, 10.978 million new NPC cases with a 95% uncertainty interval of 10.444 to 11.556 million were recorded globally, whereas the DALYs and deaths were 2.09 million cases with a 95%UI 2 to 2.17 million and 695.5 thousand cases with 95% UI 668.7 to 722.7 thousand, respectively. From 2007 to 2017, the estimated incidence rate of NPC decreased by 2.3% with 95% uncertainty interval -7% to 3.28%, the estimated DALY rate decreased by 4.95% with 95% uncertainty interval from -8.46% to -1.24%, and the estimated death rate decreased by 3.01% with 95% uncertainty interval -6.36% to 0.43%. The age-standardized incidence, DALY, and death rates in 2017 were all the highest among the countries located in the middle-SDI quintiles region. At the GBD regional level, the most severe age-standardized incidence, DALY, and death rates in 2017 occurred in Oceania, followed by Southeast Asia and East Asia. From 2007 to 2017, the Caribbean and South Asia have the most increase in percentage in age-standardized incidence, DALY, and death rates. At the national level, countries like Ukraine, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic reported the largest percentage increases in the age-standardized incidence, DALY, and death rates in a decade. From 2007 to 2017, DALYs and death rate of NPC increased by 18.99% (95%UI:13.34% - 25.73%) and 23.5% (95%UI:17.76% - 29.84%), respectively. While the estimated age-standardized attributable risk DALY rate and the age-standardized attributable risk mortality rate decreased by 5.55% (95% UI: -9.93% - 0.34%) and 4.25% (95% UI: -8.64% - 0.56%). ConclusionThe middle-SDI quintiles had the highest age-standardized incidence, DALY, and death rates in 2017. The largest increases in age-standardized incidence, DALY, and death rates were reported in the Caribbean and South Asia from 2007 to 2017, especially in countries such as Ukraine, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Dominica. In these regions, Alcohol consumption, Smoking, and A diet short of fruits were the primary three risk factors contributing to both DALYs and deaths in 2017. |
