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This chapter discusses emigration and immigration in the countries of the Maghreb: Tunisia, Morocco, and especially Algeria since its colonization. It also mentions the role of Malta and Sicily as sending societies as well as Europe's southern littoral both as region of departure and, later, of arrival. The chapter surveys the multidirectional migrations from ancient times to the end of Ottoman rule. The Maghreb connected sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe through long-distance commerce and human exchanges. During World War One, France la grande nation needed the help of the colonies: Soldiers and workers were drafted from the Maghreb and had to leave their families behind. Through these involuntary migrations they "discovered" potential destinations for labour migration in the metropole. Keywords:Algeria; colonization; emigration; European immigration; Maghreb; Western Mediterranean; World War One |
