Immunologic aspects of autoimmune thyroiditis
| Autor: | Potemkina Ee, N. V. Pesheva, Kalinin Ap, Rafibekov Ds |
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| Rok vydání: | 1994 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Problems of Endocrinology. 40:56-58 |
| ISSN: | 2308-1430 0375-9660 |
| Popis: | Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is one of the most important and relevant problems of modern endocrinology due to the lack of study of the etiology, lack of clarity of pathogenetic mechanisms, and the absence of objective and reliable diagnostic methods, including immunological ones. The last decade is characterized by the appearance of fundamental works devoted to the immunology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The data need generalization, a critical analysis, since the conclusions of the authors often differ in inconsistency. AIT takes first place among thyroid diseases. According to V.I. Litvinov, AIT is observed in 20-40% of the adult population, according to foreign authors, in 7.2% of the children. In 90% of cases, hypothyroidism in adults is caused by autoimmune processes, of which 70% is associated with AIT. The prevalence of the disease is primarily associated with a catastrophic environmental degradation. There are separate studies suggesting that factors associated with urbanization can contribute to the emergence of AIT. M. Podleski et al., N.I. Romanyuk, I.D. Levit revealed a greater incidence of AIT in the urban population compared with the rural one. The effect of iodine on the incidence of AIT is widely studied: a deficiency of a trace element helps to reduce it, and an excess increases it. In the occurrence of AIT, the role of radiation is significant. So, in territories affected by radiation as a result of accidents, AIT is registered 2 times more often (19.2% versus 8.8% in uncharged territory). N.V. Romashkan et al. they associate an increase in the incidence of AIT with increasing general allergization of the population, a significant recent prevalence of viral infections that enhance autoimmunization. The function of the thyroid gland, the peripheral phenotype of T cells and their function are affected by smoking. Nicotine can damage thyroid cells and release thyroglobulin into the blood, and also directly affect the function of T-suppressors. To date, there are three hypotheses for the pathogenesis of AIT: antigenic damage to the thyroid gland, a defect in specific T-suppressors, and a violation of the regulatory function of thyroid-stimulating hormone. None of the hypotheses is conclusively confirmed. It is possible that all three mechanisms are involved in the emergence and formation of an autoimmune specific process, clinically manifesting themselves in various stages and forms of the disease. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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